Legal language can often feel overwhelming and complex. But understanding a few key legal terms can make a huge difference when facing a legal issue or trying to protect your rights. Whether you’re involved in a contract dispute, family matter, or even just signing an agreement, having a basic legal vocabulary empowers you to make informed decisions.

Here are some essential legal terms that everyone should know:

1. Plaintiff & Defendant

• Plaintiff: The party who initiates a legal action in court.
• Defendant: The party who must respond to the claim or accusation.

Example: If you are sued in court, you are the defendant.

2. Civil vs Criminal Case

• Civil Case: Involves disputes between individuals or entities (e.g., divorce, breach of contract, debt recovery).
• Criminal Case: Involves offenses against the law or the state (e.g., theft, assault, fraud).

3. Affidavit

A sworn written statement used as evidence in court. It must be signed in front of a commissioner for oaths.

4. Appeal

A request made to a higher court to review and change the decision of a lower court.

5. Injunction

A court order that either prohibits someone from doing something or compels them to take a certain action (e.g., stop a construction project, prevent harassment).

6. Custody

Refers to the legal rights and responsibilities of a parent in caring for a child after a divorce.

7. Writ of Summons

An official document informing someone that they are being sued and must attend court.

8. Small Claims

A simplified court process for recovering a small amount of money (typically under RM5,000 in Malaysia), often without needing a lawyer.

9. Legal Fees & Court Costs

• Legal Fees: Charges for a lawyer’s services.
• Court Costs: Fees required to file and proceed with a case in court.

10. Matrimonial Property (Harta Sepencarian)

Property acquired during marriage that may be divided between spouses upon divorce.

Conclusion

Being familiar with these legal terms helps you better understand your rights and responsibilities. While legal situations can still be complex, even a basic knowledge of common terms gives you a stronger position. If you’re unsure about a legal matter, always seek advice from a qualified lawyer.

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